images
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Top-down afferents to neocortical layer 1
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Bottom-up and top-down information streams are segregated.
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Top-down information is relayed by thalamic synapses (orange), which are controlled by ‘gatekeeper’ neurons (blue).
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Encoding of the learned relevance of sensory information at the population level in neocortex.
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Rapid neuromodulation of layer 1 interneurons in mouse and human neocortex.
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Two distinct types of inhibition control dendrites in layer 1.